HEROES DAY HISTORY NOVEMBER 10th ..
Presumably, for many of us, no longer need to be reminded that on 10 November is one of the many historic day fateful journey Indonesian nation. Since more than half a century ago, on November 10 has been declared by our nation as Heroes' Day. At the time of Sukarno-Hatta, that day is celebrated nationally (that is, everywhere, all over the country) as the Big Day is celebrated in a solemn, and with a great sense of pride.
At that time, Heroes' Day commemoration is an occasion for the whole nation not only to commemorate the services and sacrifices of the combatants - the countless _ in a common struggle for the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia had just proclaimed on August 17, 1945.
On March 1, 1942 Japanese troops landed on the island of Java, and the Dutch colonial government surrendered unconditionally to the Japanese on March 8. Since then, Indonesia was occupied by Japanese fascism. With the atomic bomb dropped on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in August 1945 by the United States, then on August 15, 1945 Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies.
During the Japanese occupation, in the midst of the people suffering caused by the Japanese occupation and war, among the many groups passion born of anti-Western or anti-colonialism, in addition to anti-Japanese feelings (particularly towards the year 1945). In the framework of preparation to face all the possibilities facing the Allies, the Japanese government has used a variety of ways and _merangkul_ reason for the Indonesian people, to deal with the Allies. Peta (Defenders of the Fatherland) has been formed, and Japan also promised to the nation _kemerdekaan_ Indonesia. The leaders of Indonesia (including Sukarno, Hatta, etc.) have used a variety of opportunities at that time to arrange the power, for the ideals for national independence.
With Japan's defeat against the Allies, the Indonesian independence was proclaimed on 17 August, when the Japanese occupation forces still have not disarmed by the Allies. Since that's happened many people's movement to disarm the Japanese troops, resulting in the battles which took the victim in many areas.
When the movement to disarm the Japanese troops were roaring on the date that the 15 September 1945 British troops landed in Jakarta and on October 25, also in Surabaya. British troops were brought to Indonesia over the decision and on behalf of the Allies, with the task of disarming Japanese soldiers, freed the prisoners detained Japan, and Japanese soldiers repatriated to his country. However, in addition, British troops also carry the task (in secret) to return Indonesia to the Dutch government as a colony.
Developments since the landing of troops Inngris in various areas in Indonesia showed that the presence (on behalf of the Allies) had been diboncengi by the Dutch plan to colonize Indonesia again. British Army (Allies) who came to Indonesia also include the NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Adminsitration). This fact is the people who blow up Indonesia's anger everywhere. In Surabaya, the Dutch flag dikibarkannya Red-White-Blue at the hotel had given birth Yamato _Insiden Tunjungan_, which menyundut berkobarnya armed clashes between British troops with diverse body formed by the struggle of the people.
In short, armed clashes with British troops in Surabaya, the culminating with the murder of Brigadier General Mallaby, led British troops to East Java, on October 30. Since the killing of Brigadier General Mallaby was, then his successor (Major General Mansergh) issued an ultimatum that is an insult to the fighters and the people generally. In the ultimatum stated that all the leaders and the Indonesian armed to report and put the gun in the specified place and gave himself up with his hands raised above. Limit the ultimatum was at 6 am on 10th November 1945.
Massive attack ON NOVEMBER 10
It is only natural that such an ultimatum which had been rejected. Therefore, the Republic of Indonesia when it was standing (although recently proclaimed), and People's Security Army as a tool of the state have also been established. In addition, many organizations struggle has been born of diverse groups in society, including among the youth, students and students. Agencies that struggle has emerged as a manifestation of joint determination to defend the young republic, to disarm the Japanese troops, and to oppose the entry of return of Dutch colonialism (the ride with the presence of British troops in Indonesia).
On November 10 morning, British troops launched a massive and very powerful, with a muster of about 30 000 soldiers, 50 aircraft and a large number of warships. Various parts of the city of Surabaya bombed, shot blindly with a cannon from the sea and land. Thousands of people became victims, many died and many more were injured. However, resistance fighters also raged throughout the city, with the active assistance of the population.
British parties suspect that the resistance of the people of Indonesia in Surabaya can be conquered within 3 days, with modern weaponry deploy complete, including aircraft, warships, tanks and armored vehicles are quite a lot. Apparently, the People's Security Army (which later became TNI) be taken lightly, especially bodies of armed struggle (army-the army, etc.) are much shaped by the people. However, allegations of parties outside the UK, found that resistance can last a long time, going from day to day and from week to another week. Resistance of the people who at first do spontaneously and not coordinated, increasingly regularly. Apparently, large-scale battle takes up to a month, before the city fell in the hands of the British side.
GREATNESS IS NOVEMBER 10
Greatness means fighting Surabaya, later confirmed as Heroes' Day, not only because so many heroes - well known or not known _ who had sacrificed themselves for the sake of the Republic of Indonesia. Not too long battle only because massive and large enemy forces. Besides all, the greatness of the meaning of the battle Surabaya also lies in the role and influence, for the time course of the revolution. Battle of Surabaya has been able to mobilize the masses to participate, either actively or passively, in the struggle against the common enemy at that time, the British soldiers who protect or _menyelundupkan_ NICA into Indonesian territory.
Battle of Surabaya also has spread, the regions most distant in Indonesia, republican consciousness, high patriotism, solidarity among the various arms race, religion, ancestry. P_ngaruhnya like a big flame that burns the spirit of resistance that emerged was also fighting in many places in Indonesia. (To mention just a few of them: in Jakarta on 18 November, in Semarang date November 18, in Riau on November 18, at Ambarawa November 21, on the island of Bangka November 21, in Brastagi on November 25, in Jakarta on 6 December, in Medan December 6, in Bogor, December 6).
The main feature of the struggle that erupted in many cities and regions in Indonesia is that the events that have great moral support and material from the people, which means also has to inspire a sense of patriotic unity in the struggle, and on a large scale. In this regard, along with memorabilia of how much soup kitchens that have been held by people everywhere for those who fought, without compensation whatsoever. Also, how many youth groups which flocked towards the battle area.
That is, the struggle against the British army (and the NICA) has stirred the spirit of patriotism that cross-ethnic, cross-religious, inter-racial descent, and cross-political trends. In that spirit also the Indonesian people, then went on, between the years 1945 to 1949, the struggle against the Dutch, after the Allied troops (British) leave Indonesia.
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